Telephonic apparatus.



No. 655,620. Patented Aug. 7, I900. A. GRAHAM.

TELEPHONIC APPARATUS.

(Application filed Oct. 17, 1898.) We Moder.) 6 Shaa(sSheet l.

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No. 655,620. Patented Aug. 7, I900.

' A. GRAHAM.

TELEPHDNlC APPARATUS.

(Application filed Oct. 17, 1898.) (No Model.) B sheets sheat 2.

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No. 655,620. Patented Aug. 7, I900. A. GRAHAM.

TELEPHONIG APPARATUS.

(Application filed Oct. 17, 1898.) (N0 Modelu 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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No. 655,620. Patented Aug. 7, I900. A. GRAHAM.

TELEPHONIG APPARATUS.

7 (Application filed. Oct. 17, 1898.) (No Model. 6 SheetsSheet 4.

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No. 655,620. Patented Au 7, I900.

A. GRAHAM.

TELEPHONIC APPARATUS.

(Application filed Oct. 17, 1398.)

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No. 655,620. Patented Aug. 7, 1900.

- A. GRAHAM.

TELEPHONIC APPARATUS.

(Application filed. Oct. 17, 1896.)

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me I STATES ALFRED GRAHAM, OF LONDON, ENGLAND TELEPHONIC APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 655,620, dated August '7, 1900. Application filed October 17,1898. $eria1No.693,78S. (Nomodeh) To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED GRAHAM, a subject of the Queen of GreatBritainand Ireland, residing at Denmark Hill, London, England, have invented Improvements in Telephonic Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to improvementsin telephonic apparatus whereby I am enabled to provide a loud-talking apparatus of simple construction and such as can be used in positions where it will be exposed to damp air, storms, and rough usage Without liability of its efficiency being thereby interfered with. For this purpose my improved telephonic apparatus is constructed as I shall now describe with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a front elevation and a vertical longitudinal section showing my improved apparatus. Fig. 3 is a front elevation, partly in section, with the front cover and the transmitter removed.- Fig. 4 is a horizontal section, partly on the line A A and partly on the line B B of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is an inverted section on the line A A of Fig. 2 with the cover of the apparatus removed and showing the receiver and its support. Fig. 6 is anunder side view of the metal base or support that carries the various parts of the apparatus. Figs. 7 and S are detail views. Figs. 9 and 10 are diagrams.

1 is a metal base or support to which is secured, as by screws 2, a hollow metal cover 3, preferably of iron, the base and cover forming a complete iron or metal casing adapted to inclose the transmitter, receiver, and other parts of the apparatus. In order that water or moist air shall not enter the transmitter and interfere with its efficiency, the microphone of such transmitter is inclosed in a water-tight case provided with a movable side or diaphragm adapted to transmit vibrations of the external atmosphere to the said microphone. The construction of transmitter for this purposelshown in Fig.2) comprises a circular block 4, of insulating material, such as vulcanizedfiber, made plane at its rear side and with a recess 4 in its front side in which is placed a carbon-cup 5, which is molded with a flange 5 and is adapted to hold carbon powder 6. The carbon-cup 5 is in electrical connection with a metal ring 7, by which it is held in the recess 4 and which is electrically connected to an external plate 8, of metal, by screws 9, the heads of Which terminate, as shown, within holes in the said plate. The outer ends of these holes are sealed by material 10, such as solder, so as to obviate any liability of moisture entering the transmitter along the screws 9. To the block 4: is secured, as by screws 11, a metal ring 12, preferably made, as shown, as a cappiece of L section, a layer of insulating adhesive materialfor example, shellac varnishbeing preferably applied between the two to insure a water-tight joint between them. Over the open end of the carbon-cup 5 is placed a thin carbon disk or diaphragm 13, which is covered on its outer side with a disk 13, of metal foil, such as copper-foil, the two disks being clamped at their peripheries between the metal ring 12 and a second metal ring 14. This second ring 14 is secured to the ring 12 by screws 15, the heads of which terminate within holes that are formed in the ring 14, and the outerends'of which are sealed, as by solder 16, for the purpose hereinbefore mentioned. The outer peripheries of the two rings 12 and 14 and the inner .periphery of the second ring 14 and the adjacent part of the disk of metal foil 13 are soldered together, as shown at 17 and 17, respectively, to insure water-tight joints between these parts at the places mentioned. The interior of the transmitter-case may for a like purpose be coated with a layer of waterproof materia1- for example, shellac varnish.

To enable the telephone-transmitter to S110- cessfully withstand shocks, such as it is liable to receive on board a war-ship, the carboncup 5 may be seated upon cushioning material 18, which may conveniently consist of 7 several layers of paper and one or more layers of cotton lint, wool, or felt, or metal springs may be used; also, between the edge of the carbon-cup 5 and the carbon disk 13 there is preferablyplaced a ring 19, of soft carbon powder should only partly fill the space between the carbon-cup 5 and disk 13. 20 is a metal ring that is fixed to the transmitter, but is insulated therefrom, as by a ring 21, of suitable insulating materialfor example,vulcanized fiber of L-section. Fixed to a hollow extension 20 of the ring 20 is a ring 22, formed with a flaring mouthpiece and provided with a handle 22 and knob 22". 23 is a perforated or reticulated metal plate clamped between the extension 20 and a conical distance-piece 20 of insulating material, and opposite the carbon and metal disks 13 13, so as to protect the same.

The transmitter is mounted so as to be capable of being rotated-for example, through about half a rotation in the construction shown-by means of the handle 22, in order to shake up the carbon powder 6 each time the apparatus is used and also to make and break certain connections, as will be hereinafter described, the motion in each direction being limited by stops 3. For this purpose the hollow extension 20 of the ring 20 is mounted to turn in the forward portion 23 of a bracket 23, fixed to the base 1,'and also ina corresponding opening in the cover 3. The back of the transmitter is connected through a block 8*, of insulating material, to the flanged end 24 of a spindle 24, the other end of which is journaled in the back part of the bracket 23. 24 is a coiled spring encircling the spindle 24 and fixed at one end to the bracket and at the other end to a lug 24 on the spindle. This spring acts to automatically return the transmitter, operating-handle 22 and attached parts back into the position shown in Fig. 1 after being moved from this position.

The receiver is of the magneto-electric type and comprises a diaphragm 25, held in position by a frame 26, and a permanent magnet 27, that is of approximately semi-annular form, Fig. 5, and has its free ends 27 bent radially inward and toward one another and provided with polar extensions 27", which terminate in proximity to the receiver-diaphragm'25 and are provided with wire coils 28 of low resistance. The diaphragm-frame 26 is carried in a horizontal position by arms 1, and from its lower side a tubular extension 26 projects in a downward and forward direction, so that any water entering it can readily drain away. Over the lower free end of the extension 29 slips a horizontally-arranged trumpet-shaped part 3 made in one piece with the cover 3.

The switch controlling the circuits of the apparatus comprises two spring-contacts 29 and 30, fixed to metal holders 29 and 30, respectively, carried by the bracket 23, Figs. 4 and 8, but insulated therefrom by ablock 31, of insulating material. Upon the opposite side of the bracket 23 are two fixed contacts 2 and 33, Figs. 4 and 7, that are insulated from the said support by another block 31", of insulating material. The contact 32 is "onnected by a conductor 32 to one terminal of an electric bell 34, Figs. 9 and 10, the other terminal of which is connected to earth E. The contact 33 is connected to one end of the receiver-coils 28, the other end of which is connected to earth E. 29* is an insulated stop for the spring-contact 29. 35 is a metal piece carried by but insulated from the bracket 24, and connected on the one side to the plate 8 of the transmitter through a coiled wire 35 and on the other side to one pole of a battery 35, the other pole of which is connected to earth E. To the spindle 24, but insulated therefrom,are fixed two contactpieces 29 and 29, that are respectively connected by electric conductors 12 and 8 with the ring 12 and plate 8 of the transmitter, constituting the terminals of such transmitter, which is thus completelyinsulated. By this means the metal casing of the apparatus and the metal of the ship on which the apparatus is used or earth can be used for the common-return circuit of the apparatus instead of a separate wire. The spring-contact 29 is connected through its'bearing-piece 29 toa line-wire 36, extending to another instrument, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The springcontact 30 is connected through its bearingpiece 30 to another line-wire 37, and is arranged to be lifted from off the fixed contact 32 and into connection with the fixed contact 33 by an insulated cam-piece 38 on the spindle 24, when the latter is turned through about one hundred and eighty degrees; To prevent wear of the spring-contacts 29 and 30, each of them may be provided with a renewable wearing-piece 39, Fig. 3. The arrangement is such that when the transmitter is in the off position (shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 9) the transmitter-terminals 29 and 29 are in the inoperative positions (shown in Figs. 3 and 9) and the spring-contact 30is resting on the fixed bell-contact 32,. and upon partly turning the transmitterin the direction of the arrow, Fig.9, the insulated terminals29 IIO and 29 are brought successively into connection with the spring-contact 29,so that the linewire 36 isplaced in connection with the battery 35, first directly and afterward indirectly, through the transmitter, the cam-piece 38 finally moving the spring-contact 30 from the fixed contact 32 to the fixed contact 33. The four conductors 32 35, 36, and 37 are ledout of the casing through a suitable hole 39, formed in the base 1, and in a cover plate or gland 40, Figs. 3 and 6. e

Two apparatus or instruments of the kind described are adapted for use by connecting the line-wire 36, that extends from the transmitter spring-contact 29 of one instrument to the bell and receiver spring-contact 30 of the other instrument, and the line-wire 37, that extends from the bell and receiver contact 30 of the first-mentioned instrument to the transmitter-contact 29 of the other instrument, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. 9' shows the positions of the various parts when the transmitter-handle 22 of each instrument is in the 0E position, and Fig. 10 shows the positions of the parts when the transmitter-handle of each apparatus has been fully turned into the on position. In the former case, Fig. 9, the transmitter, receiver, and bell of each instrument are disconnected from the battery 35. Upon turning the transmitter of either instrument from the off to the on position the spring-contact 29 of such instrument will be placed in connection with the battery and transmitter and a current will be sent along line 36 to the hell 3% of the second instrument, which will continue to ring until the transmitter of such second instrument has been moved into the on position. When this has been done, Fig. 10, both bells will be out of circuit and the transmitter and receiver of both instruments in circuit, so that telephonic messages can be sent from one to the other through the two complete and independent circuits, each of which includes a transmitter and a receiver. As will be seen, the construction is such that a separate calling key is dispensed with.

What I claim is- 1. Telephonic apparatus comprising a microphone-transmitter inclosed in a movable water-tight casing provided with a thin flexible wall or diaphragm, a receiver having its diaphragm held in a horizontally-arranged holder provided with a downwardly and forwardly projecting tubular extension, and a switch arranged to be moved by said trans- .mitter and to control the circuits of said transmitter and, receiver, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

2. Telephonic apparatus comprising a microphone-transmitter, a water-tightcasing inclosing said transmitter, and mounted to turn about a horizontal axis and provided with a thin flexible wall or diaphragm that is adapted to transmit vibrations of the external atmosphere to said transmitter, a magneto-electric receiver having its diaphragm held in a horizontally-arranged holder provided with a downwardly and forwardly projecting tubular portion extending from its lowest part, and a switch adapted to be operated by movement of said transmitter and its casing and to control the circuits of said transmitter and receiver, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

3. In telephonicapparatus, amagneto-electric receiver, a microphone-transmitter, a water-tight case inclosing said transmitter and provided with a movable side or diaphragm adapted to transmit vibrations of the external atmosphere to said microphone-transmitter,a spindle attached to the transmitter case, bearings wherein said transmitter-case and spindles are mounted to partly rotate, and a switch adapted to be operated by rotary movement of said transmitter, case and spindle, and to control the circuits of said transmitter and receiver, substantially as described.

4:. Telephonic apparatus comprising a wa terproof transmitter mounted to turn about a horizontal axis, a receiver having its diaphragm held in a horizontally-arranged holder provided with a downwardly and forwardly projecting tubular part, a switch arranged to be operated by movement of said transmitter and adapted to control the circuits of said transmitter and receiver, and a casing inclosing said transmitter, receiver and switch, and formed with an inwardly-extending trumpet-shaped part fitting the tubular part of said holder and with an opening 0pposite the mouthpiece of said trans mit-ter,substantially as described.

5. In telephonic apparatus, a receiver, a transmitter, having a microphone inclosed within a water-tight case provided with a movable side or diaphragm adapted to transmit vibrations of the external atmosphere to said microphone, a spindle attached to the transmitter-case,bearin gs wherein said transmitterare mounted to partly rotate, and a switch comprising stationary battery, line, bell and receiver contacts and movable contacts adapted to be operated by the rotary movement of said transmitter and one of which serves when the transmitter is moved into the operative position to place the transmitter in series with said battery and one of said line-contacts, and another of which serves to disconnect the other line-contact from said bell-contact and to place it in connection with the receiver-contact, substantially as described.

6. Telephonic apparatus comprisinga fixed receiver, a movable transmitter, and a switch comprising a rotary part attached to said transmitter and carrying two insulated contacts connected to the terminals of said transmitter and arranged one in advance of the other, and also a cam or projection, stationary battery, bell and receiver contacts, and two movable contacts connected to two line-contacts and one of whichwhen said transmitter is being moved into the operative position is acted upon successively bysaid insulated contacts so as to be connected to said battery-contact first directly, and then indirectly through the transmitter, and the other of which is arranged to be operated by said cam orprojection so as to break its connection with the bell-contact and put it in connection with the receiver-contact, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

7. In telephonic apparatus, a spring controlled rotary transmitter mounted to turn 1 about a horizontal axis and comprising a block of insulating material, a carbon-cup, ametal ringholding said cup in a recess in said block, a metal plate located at the back of said block and connected to said ring by screws secured in a water-tight manner to said plate, two cla1nping-rings secured in a water-tight manner to said block, and to one another, disks of carbon and metal foil secured in a watertight manner between said clamping-rings, powdered carbon located between said carat one end to the combined transmitter and spindle and at the other endto a fixed part of the apparatus, and switch connections whereby said transmitter will be put in and out of circuit when it is moved into its operative and inoperative positions respectively, substantially as described.

8. Telephonic apparatus comprisinga metal casing composed of a base or support and removable cover formed with'a tubular part having aflaring outer end and a circular opening, a magneto-electric receiver having its diaphragm held in a holder that is supported horizontally within said casing and is provided with a downwardly and forwardly extending tubular extension fitting the tubular part of said cover, a bracket fixed Within said casing, a transmitter with spindle mounted to rotate about a horizontal axis in said bracket and to extend through the opening in said casing, a switch adapted to be operated by rotation of said transmitter, a spring tending to hold the transmitter in the inoperative position, and means for rotating said transmitter into the operative position against the action of said spring, substantially as described.

9; Telephonic apparatus com prisinga metal casing composed of a base or support and removable cover formed with a tubular part diaphragm held in a holder that is supported horizontally within said casing and is provided with a downwardly and forwardly ex-- tending tubular extension fitting the tubular part of said cover, a bracket fixed within said casing, a waterproof transmitter constructed substantially as described, a spindle fixed to but insulated from said transmitter, said transmitter and spindle being mounted to rotate in said bracket opposite the circular opening in said cover, a spring that normally holds the transmitter in the off position, means for partly rotating said transmitter against the action of said spring, contacts 29, 29 fixed to but insulated from said spindle, and connected to the terminals of said transmitter and one arranged in advance of the other, an insulated projection 38 on said spin dle, battery, line, bell and receiver contacts 35, 29 and 30, 32 and 33 respectively'fixed to but insulated from said bracket, said battery-contact being connected to the transmitter-terminal that is connected to the forward insulated contact 29, and two springcontacts 29 and 30 fixed to said insulated linecontacts 29 and 30, said spring-contact 29 being opposite to. and normallyout of con- 

